pakistan left cento

07. • Pakistan left CENTO in March 1979. Once Jinnah said in his speech: The Pakistan Movement started when the first Muslim (Muhammad bin Qasim) put his foot on the soil of Sindh, the gateway of Islam in India.[4][5]. This led the Indian Army to carry out a military exercise which mustered up to 400,000 troops near southern Pakistan. Facing an indirect war with the Soviet Union in the west, General Zia used cricket diplomacy to lessen the tensions with India. [127][131][134][135] Conservative Islamic scholars were appointed to the Council of Islamic Ideology. Pakistan Economic and Social Review Volume 49, No. [129] Separate electorates for Hindus and Christians were established in 1985 even though Christian and Hindu leaders complained that they felt excluded from the county's political process. The British Prime Minister Attlee appointed Lord Louis Mountbatten as India's last viceroy, who was given the task to oversee British India's independence by June 1948, with the emphasis of preserving a United India, but with adaptational authority to ensure a British withdrawal with minimal setbacks. The next year the Kargil war, by Pakistan-backed Kashmiri militants, threatened to escalate to a full-scale war[156] and increased fears of a nuclear war in South Asia. Disagreeing with the signing of Tashkent agreement, Bhutto was ousted from the ministry on the personal directive of President Khan in 1966. [111] Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party asserted itself even more. Pakistan joined SEATO in 1954 08. [87] Within two weeks President Mirza attempted to dismiss Khan,[87] but the move backfired and President Mirza was relieved of the presidency and exiled to London. Direct Action Day morphed into violent riots between Hindus and Muslims in Calcutta. Farooq Tariq, the general secretary of the Awami Workers Party (AWP) in Pakistan, will be one of the international guests at the 10th national conference of the Socialist Alliance, to be held in Sydney over June 7 to 9. Pakistan joined two formal military alliances opposed to the Soviet bloc: the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) in 1955;[93] and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1962. After the Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan President Ronald Reagan immediately moved to help Zia supply and finance an anti-Soviet insurgency. She exercised tough policies to ban Indian media in the country, while promoting the television industry to produce dramas, films, artistic programs and music. [97], In 1965, after Pakistan went ahead with its strategic infiltration mission in Kashmir codenamed Operation Gibraltar, India declared full-scale war against Pakistan. But its ghost would endure for another 39 years. [92] In 1961 the Pakistani space program was launched and the nuclear power program was continued. [175][176] While leading a massive rally of supporters, two suicide attacks were carried out in an attempt to assassinate her. FILE - In this Jan. 17, 2020 file photo, Pakistani cricketer Mohammad Hafeez talks to reporters in Lahore, Pakistan. [109] Criticism from the United States further damaged Ayub Khan's authority in the country. Stephen Philip Cohen (2004). The Pakistan People's Party (PPP) was founded with Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as its first elected chairman. [177], With Aziz completing his term, the liberal alliance now led by Musharraf was further weakened after General Musharraf proclaimed a state of emergency and sacked the Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry along with the other 14 judges of the Supreme Court, on 3 November 2007. ISI's Director-General Javed Nasir later confessed that despite the UN arms embargo on Bosnia the ISI airlifted anti-tank weapons and missiles to the Bosnian mujahideen which turned the tide in favour of Bosnian Muslims and forced the Serbs to lift the siege of Sarajevo. [148] Conversely, towards the end of Zia's regime, there was a popular wave of cultural change in the country. FIFTEENTH CENTO MINISTERIAL COUNCIL SESSION. [58] When Jinnah died of tuberculosis in 1948,[59] Islamic scholar Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani described Jinnah as the greatest Muslim after the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Relations with the United States deteriorated as Pakistan normalised relations with the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc, North Korea, China, and the Arab world. The PCB had said that all players had to be in the team’s bubble by Feb. 3 ahead of the three-match series against the Proteas that starts on Feb. 11. The 1990 general election results allowed the right-wing conservative alliance the Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA) led by Nawaz Sharif to form a government under a democratic system for the first time. [75] Nonetheless, tensions began to grow in East Bengal. Responding to the terrorism, Zia used "counter-terrorism" tactics and allowed the religiously far-right parties to send thousands of young students from clerical schools to participate in the Afghan jihad against the Soviet Union. [91] In a major development all of the infrastructure and bureaucracy of the capital was relocated from Karachi to Islamabad. These quelled the Taliban militias in the north-west, but terrorist attacks continued elsewhere. He came close to receiving the death sentence based on the hijacking case. Stone-age hunter-gatherers lived on the Potohar plateau and in the Soan Valley in northern Punjab 300,000 or more years ago. Pakistan faced a civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulting in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. Suhrawardy also verbally authorised the leasing the Inter-Services Intelligence's (ISI) secret installation at Peshawar Air Station to the CIA to conduct operations in the Soviet Union. Instead a new system of capitalism was revived with the introduction of corporatisation and the Islamization of the economy. Democracy returned again in 1988 with general elections which were held after President Zia-ul-Haq's death. Soon after he arrived, Mountbatten concluded that the situation was too volatile for even that short a wait. Organisasi Pakta Sentral (juga disebut CENTO, nama aslinya Pakta Organisasi Timur Tengah atau METO, juga dikenal seperti Pakta Baghdad) Merupakan suatu persetujuan yang ditandatangani pada Februari 1955 antara Turki dan Irak, dan terbuka bagi tiap negara anggota dari Liga Arab atau negara mana pun yang ada hubungannya dengan keamanan dan perdamaian di Timur Tengah dan yang sepenuhnya … [87] President Mirza declared a state of emergency, imposed martial law, suspended the constitution, and dissolved both the socialist government in East Pakistan and the parliamentary government in West Pakistan. In 1973 a serious nationalist rebellion took place in Balochistan province, which was harshly suppressed; the Shah of Iran purportedly assisted with air support in order to prevent the conflict from spilling over into Iranian Balochistan. In 1979, Iran and Pakistan left CENTO but remained closed due to RCD. Here’s an analysis of three reasons why India will bask in glory under the Biden administration while Pakistan will feel left out. Relations with India soured and Bhutto sponsored aggressive measures against India at the United Nations. The 1971 war and the separation of East Pakistan demoralised the nation. 06. Here's a look at Pakistan. tried to improve relations by signing agreement to built Steel Mill in Pakistan and visiting USSR. It also stated that all laws would have to be brought into accordance with the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah and that no law repugnant to such injunctions could be enacted. 1968 Soviet Arms supplied to Pakistan. After reviewing the effects of the tests for roughly two weeks Sharif ordered the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission to perform a series of nuclear tests in the remote area of the Chagai Hills. General Knowledge About Pakistan Pakistan joined UNO on 30 September, 1947.Pakistan joined ILO in 1947.Pakistan joined FAO in 1947.Pakistan joined UNESCO in 1949.Pakistan joined World Bank in 1950.Pakistan joined IMF in 1950.Pakistan joined SEATO in 1954Pakistan left SEATO in 1973.Pakistan joined CENTO in 1955.Pakistan left CENTO in 1979.Pakistan joined OIC in 1969.Pakistan … The win is … Several cities and towns in Pakistan plunged into darkness on Saturday night after a huge blackout caused by a power grid failure hit the nation. The year 2020 will keep us haunting forever as we lost many beloved personalities in 2020. In 1977 general Zia-ul-Haq over thrown the civil [84] Personal problems grew between the two Bengali leaders, further damaging the unity of the country and causing Suhrawardy to lose his authority in his own party to the growing influence of cleric Maulana Bhashani. [84] Resigning under a threat of dismissal by Mirza, Suhrawardy was succeeded by I. I. Chundrigar in 1957. [14] Those Barelvis who supported the creation of a separate Muslim homeland in colonial India believed that any co-operation with Hindus would be counter productive. [147] A PEW opinion poll found that 84% of Pakistanis favoured making sharia the law of the land. [104] By the end of 1968, Khan presented the Agartala Case which led to the arrests of many Awami League leaders, but was forced to withdraw it after a serious uprising in East Pakistan. The Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), originally known as the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East Treaty Organisation (METO), was a military alliance of the Cold War. Pakistan joined OIC in 1969. [21] In the Constituent Assembly elections of 1946, the Muslim League won 425 out of 496 seats reserved for Muslims, polling 89.2% of the total votes. In a vote of confidence in January 2004, Musharraf won 658 out of 1,170 votes in the electoral college, and was elected President. Despite her tough policies, the popularity of Benazir Bhutto waned after her husband allegedly became involved in the controversial death of Murtaza Bhutto. Pakistan workers left in the cold as housing program falters Analysts say that rising unemployment and double-digit inflation pose the biggest threat to Khan’s government [74], In a 1948 speech, Jinnah declared that "Urdu alone would be the state language and the lingua franca of the Pakistan state", although at the same time he called for the Bengali language to be the official language of the Bengal province. Repression and subjugation in tribal areas of Pakistan led to heavy fighting in Warsk with 400 al-Qaeda operatives in March 2004. 06. Parliament unanimously passed the 18th amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, which implemented this. Brookings Institution Press. [18], Muslims who were living in provinces where they were demographically a minority, such as the United Provinces where the Muslim League enjoyed popular support,[19] were assured by Jinnah that they could remain in India, migrate to Pakistan or continue living in India but as Pakistani citizens. The first cabinet meeting devoted to the subject was held on 13 March, weeks after the confirmed case in Karachi. This period of military rule, lasting from 1977 to 1988, is often regarded as a period of persecution and the growth of state-sponsored religious conservatism. Pakistan joined WTO in 1995. Pakistan left powerless as massive blackout sweeps country. W b) 38 years c) 40 years d) 35 years d) 70 years The retirement age of justice of High court in Pakistan is Military aid from the US grew, but the country's national security was severely compromised following the exposure of U2 secret spy operations launching from Peshawar to overfly the Soviet Union in 1960. [53] The Pakistani government claimed that 50,000 Muslim women were abducted and raped by Hindu and Sikh men and similarly the Indian government claimed that Muslims abducted and raped 33,000 Hindu and Sikh women. [104] Support for progressive and socialist groups was rising, and calls for a change of regime were gaining momentum. [181][182], Popular support for Musharraf declined when Nawaz Sharif successfully made a second attempt to return from exile, this time accompanied by his younger brother and his daughter. Bhutto dismissed the chiefs of the army, navy and the air force and ordered house arrest for General Yahya Khan and several of his collaborators. Which Country left Baghdad Pact in 1958 and then it was renamed as CENTO? Pakistan joined SAARC (South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation) in 1985 [57] Diplomatic recognition became a problem when the Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin did not welcome the partition which established Pakistan and India. CENTO adalah sebuah pakta pertahanan yang terbentuk pada masa perang dingin, tepatnya pada tahun 1955. [85], Differences in East Pakistan further encouraged Baloch separatism, and in an attempt to intimidate the communists in East Pakistan President Mirza initiated massive arrests of communists and party workers of the Awami League, which damaged the image of West Pakistan in the east. Pakistan also has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is spending a major amount of its budget on defense. In 2011, NATO's relations with Pakistan worsen after an unfriendly attack took place in near border; Pakistan responded with suspending all NATO operations, boycotting the Bonn Conference and evicting the US air force from Shamsi air force base. [79] This event led to the first instance of martial law in the country and began the history of military intervention into the politics and civilian affairs of the country. [131] New criminal offences of adultery, fornication and types of blasphemy, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death, were added to Pakistani law. Early reports indicated that Bhutto was hit by shrapnel or gunshots,[189] but the Pakistani Interior ministry maintained that her death was due from a skull fracture sustained when the explosive waves threw her against the sunroof of her vehicle. 11. Attempting to legitimise his presidency[167] Musharraf held a controversial referendum in 2002,[168] which allowed the extension of his presidential term to five years. [180] Domestic crime and violence increased while Musharraf attempted to contain the political pressure. Important leaders in the Muslim League highlighted that Pakistan would be a "New Madinah", in other words the second Islamic state established after the Prophet Muhammad's creation of an Islamic state of Madinah which was later developed into Rashidun Caliphate. 1 (Summer 2011), pp. [110] Territorial changes were carried out in four of the country's provinces, allowing them to retain their geographical structures as they were in 1947. While Pakistan’s ties with Saudi Arabia and the UAE have drastically soured, it has held tightly to Turkey. Despite being a part of western defence pacts like Seato and Cento, Pakistan was left to fend for itself when it took on its neighbouring rival in 1965 and 1971. It is one of the Next Eleven, a group of eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a high potential to become the world's largest economies in the 21st century. Bhutto asked for a share in government saying Udhar tum, idhar hum, meaning "You in the east, I in the west". Further secessionist uprisings in Balochistan were put down successfully by the provincial governor, General Rahimuddin Khan. Pakistan joined CENTO in 1955. Latest and updated Mcqs of Current Affairs of the world. [104] Within weeks Ayub Khan lost the momentum in West Pakistan and his image was damaged in public circles. When did Pakistan left CENTO? 1971 to 1977 was a period of left-wing democracy and the growth of economic nationalisation, covert atomic bomb projects, promotion of science, literature, cultural activities and Pakistani nationalism. The Objectives Resolution declared that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah Almighty. [118] Some academics such as Rudolph Rummel and Rounaq Jahan say both sides[119] committed genocide; others such as Richard Sisson and Leo E. Rose believe there was no genocide. [103] The dismissal of Bhutto caused spontaneous mass demonstrations and public anger against Khan, leading to major industrial and labour strikes in the country. Nations having common interests and objectives are impelled to enter Problems with India further escalated in 1998, when television reported Indian nuclear explosions, codenamed Operation Shakti. Pakistan joined SAARC in 1985 14. [101] Positive gains were several treaties strengthening Pakistan's historical bonds with its western neighbours in Asia. Muhammad Reza Pahlavi was the last king of Iran whose monarchy was overthrown on February 11 th, 1979 and Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini became the … The far-left and the far-right disappeared from the political arena with the fall of global communism and the United States lessening its interests in Pakistan. Member states and USA refused to support Pakistan in need of the hour. It begins in a Chinese restaurant in London. [165] Confrontation with India continued over Kashmir, which led to a serious military standoff in 2002 after India alleged Pakistan-backed Kashmiri insurgents carried out the 2001 Indian Parliament attack.[166]. Pakistan joined NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) in 1979. Junejo in turn extended Zia's term as Chief of Army Staff until 1990. Foreign policies: Another thing Bhutto wanted was to diversify Pakistan’s relations with other countries other than the United States then soon Pakistan left CENTO AND SEATO. [136] Zia's state-sponsored Islamization increased sectarian divisions in Pakistan between Sunnis and Shias due to his anti-Shia policies[137] and also between Deobandis and Barelvis. Attempting to end stagflation Sharif launched a program of privatisation and economic liberalisation. Similar to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , the main purpose of the Baghdad Pact was to prevent communist incursions and foster peace in the Middle East. In the Cold War between the USA and USSR, Pakistan firmly positioned itself in the USA camp. [160] Early initiatives were taken towards the continuation of economic liberalisation, privatisation and freedom of the media in 1999. 12. [37][38] In a meeting in June, Nehru and Abul Kalam Azad representing the Congress, Jinnah representing the Muslim League, B. R. Ambedkar representing the Untouchable community, and Master Tara Singh representing the Sikhs, agreed to partition India along religious lines. According to Shajeel Zaidi a million people attended Zia ul Haq's funeral because he had given them what they wanted: more religion. [13][14] Many Barelvis and their ulema,[15] though not all Barelvis and Barelvi ulema,[16] supported the creation of Pakistan. Interest payments for bank accounts were replaced by "profit and loss" payments. 7. With the PPP's assumption of power, democratic socialists and visionaries had authority for the first time in the country's history. [72] Some of the Arab countries saw the 'Islamistan' project as a Pakistani attempt to dominate other Muslim states. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf government was slow to respond as the pandemic spread. [161] The Citibank executive, Shaukat Aziz, returned to the country to take control of the economy. The 1946 election in British India was essentially a plebiscite among Indian Muslims over the creation of Pakistan.[23][24][25]. Salam later won the Nobel Prize in Physics for developing the theory for the unification of the weak nuclear and electromagnetic forces. A controversy loomed after a large-scale blast at a munitions dump, with Prime minister Junejo vowing to bring to justice those responsible for the significant damage caused and implicating several senior generals. I remembered that morning. Many economists and think tanks suggested that until 2030 Pakistan become Asian Tiger and CPEC will play an important role in it. He adopted the Hamoodur Rahman Commission's recommendations and authorised large-scale courts-martial of army officers tainted by their role in East Pakistan. 13. From 1976 to 1977, Bhutto was in diplomatic conflict with the United States, which worked covertly to damage the credibility of Bhutto in Pakistan. [61][62], Indian Muslims from the United Provinces, Bombay Province, Central Provinces and other areas of India continued migrating to Pakistan throughout the 1950 and 1960s and settled mainly in urban Sindh, particularly in the new country's first capital, Karachi. Prime Minister Gilani headed a collective government with the winning parties from each of the four provinces. Rather than preferring neutrality, Ayub Khan worked closely to form an alliance with the United States and the western world. • Pakistan Withdrew from SEATO in 1973. 1972 ZA’s gov. World Current Affairs MCQs 2021, Here you will find latest World current affairs Mcqs which are from Current International Issues, Geography, Atmosphere, Science & Literature, International Organizations and events. Pakistan has freed a political activist who was serving a life sentence in the country's semi-autonomous north, part of the contested Kashmir region also claimed by India, his party told AFP Friday. Pakistan never left CENTO. Your email address will not be published. Zia-ul-Haq committed himself to establishing an Islamic state and enforcing sharia law. Experience the best online shopping in Pakistan at Loot Sale with amazing deals and massive discounts on Pakistan’s top fashion brands with up to 75% OFF. [174] This did not deter another former prime minister, Benazir Bhutto, from returning on 18 October 2007 after an eight-year exile in Dubai and London to prepare for the 2008 parliamentary elections. A suicide bomber who killed 25 people in an attack on a crowded hotel in Pakistan left a grisly warning taped to his leg: "Those who spy for Americans will meet the same fate." She oversaw a tough stance to bring political stability, which with her fiery rhetoric earned her the nickname "Iron Lady" from her rivals. A. [96] In 1964 the Pakistani Armed Forces quelled a suspected pro-communist revolt in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, West Pakistan, allegedly supported by communist Afghanistan. That is why Jinnah is considered the "great Muslim ruler" in the Indian subcontinent after Emperor Aurangzeb by Pakistanis. The country continues to face challenging problems including terrorism, poverty, illiteracy, corruption and political instability. [94] During this period the private sector gained more power and educational reforms, human development and scientific achievements gained international recognition. [26] To preserve India's unity the British arranged the Cabinet Mission Plan. In 1947, Pakistan gained its independence from Great Britain.About [6] This is also the reason that the Pakistani government's official chronology declares that the foundation of Pakistan was laid in 712 AD[1] by Muhammad bin Qasim after Islamic conquest of Sindh and that these conquests at their zenith conquered the entire Indian subcontinent during Muslim Mughal Era. Public anxiety about the weakness of Pakistani education led to large-scale federal support for science education and research by both Bhutto and Sharif. [60], The first formal step to transform Pakistan into an ideological Islamic state was taken in March 1949 when Liaquat Ali Khan introduced the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly. According to them Muslims and Hindus could be one nation and Muslims were only a nation of themselves in the religious sense and not in the territorial sense. [169] The LFO Order No. Pakistan was left alone by members of SEATO & CENTO. 1965 Improvement in relation because Pakistan left SEATO and CENTO. [89] He also promulgated the 1962 constitution. Amir Mehdi wanted to be the first Pakistani to scale K2 - instead Italian climbers left him to spend a night on the ice without shelter or high altitude boots. These were countered and all four were forced to resign, Chief Justice Shah doing so after the Supreme Court was stormed by Sharif partisans.[154]. Pakistan joined OIC in 1969. The 1997 election resulted in conservatives receiving a large majority of the vote and winning enough seats in parliament to change the constitution to eliminate the checks and balances that restrained the prime minister's power. [108] In 1967 a Socialist convention, attended by the country's leftist philosophers and notable thinkers, took place in Lahore. See More This article is about the history of formation of the modern Pakistan and as a country after 1947. Shaukat Aziz became prime minister in 2004. [111] The conservative PML, led by Nurul Amin, raised religious and nationalist slogans all over the country. In 2010 and 2011 Pakistani-American relations worsened after a CIA contractor killed two civilians in Lahore and the United States killed Osama bin Laden at his home less than a mile from the Pakistan Military Academy. Your email address will not be published. [84] Within two months Chundrigar was dismissed. In 1996, seven weeks after this incident, Benazir Bhutto's government was dismissed by her own hand-picked president on charges of Murtaza Bhutto's death. [163] On foreign fronts allegations of nuclear proliferation damaged Musharraf and Aziz's credibility. [81] The same year the first legislative elections were held in Pakistan, which saw the communists gaining control of East Pakistan. Which Country left Baghdad Pact in 1958 and then it was renamed as CENTO? US-India Partnership. [29][30][31][32] British leaders including Mountbatten did not support the creation of Pakistan but failed to convince Jinnah. The far-right Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal mobilised in fierce opposition to Musharraf and Aziz and their support for the US intervention in Afghanistan. Pakistan joined CENTO in 1955. The same year Pakistan signed the Indus Waters Treaty with India in an attempt to normalise relations. Bhutto made close ties with the Arab countries and other Asian countries. Institutional problems arose with president Ghulam Khan, who attempted to dismiss Sharif on the same charges he had used against Benazir Bhutto. In 1947, Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan (today's Pakistan) and East Pakistan (today's Bangladesh). The flight landed with only a few minutes of fuel to spare. Lord Mountbatten is alleged to have influenced the Radcliffe Commission to draw the lines in India's favour. The Musharraf-backed liberals eventually mustered the two-thirds majority required to pass the 17th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan. [195] Gillani's strategy succeeded when Pervez Musharraf announced his resignation in an address to the nation, ending his nine-year-long reign on 18 August 2008.[196]. In early 1976 Bhutto's socialist alliance collapsed, forcing his left-wing allies to form an alliance with right-wing conservatives and Islamists to challenge the power of the PPP. Her government observed the troop evacuation of the Soviet Union from neighbouring Afghanistan. The presidency of Musharraf featured the arrival of liberal forces in national power for the first time in the history of Pakistan. Before restoring the deposed judiciary, Gillani and his leftist alliance leveled accusations against Musharraf of weakening Pakistan's unity, violating its constitution and creating an economic impasse. Pakistan left SEATO in 1973. Submitted by: Malik Asghar Hussain. [112] When no agreement was reached, President Khan appointed Bengali anti-war activist Nurul Amin as Prime Minister with the additional office of the country's first and only Vice-president.[112]. [91] Major land reforms were carried out by the military government and it enforced the controversial Elective Bodies Disqualification Order which ultimately disqualified H. S. Suhrawardy from holding public office. Alarmed by India's surprise nuclear test in 1974, Bhutto accelerated Pakistan's atomic bomb project. Gradually the influence of socialism in public policies was dismantled. Excavations on the Balochistan plateau show a more advanced culture which flourished from 4000 to 2000 BCE. [133] Thousands of activists from the Jamaat-e-Islami party were appointed to government posts to ensure the continuation of his agenda after his death. [125] This crash project led to a secret sub-critical testings, Kirana-I and Test Kahuta, in 1983. However, an exception was made for Punjab which did not apply to other provinces. [42][43] Intense communal rioting in the Punjab forced the governments of India and Pakistan to agree to a forced population exchange of Muslim and Hindu/Sikh minorities living in Punjab. Zakat charitable donations became a 2.5% annual tax. [82] In less than two years, Mirza dismissed four elected prime ministers, and was increasingly under pressure to call new elections in 1958.

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